There is no viremia or blood-borne spread
Virus particles are eliminated from the mucosal surfaces far from vascular and lymphatic channels.
As a result, there is little access to proteins of viruses to the lymph nodes where adaptive immune responses are initiated.
Besides, there is no necrosis or cell death
Virus not induced proinflammatory cytokines that activate APCs in the epithelium
In addition, HPV downregulate interferon responses and disable epithelial LCs.
Oncogenic genital HPVs, it increases the risk that the host immune system may become tolerant or unresponsive to viral proteins.
The development of cervical cancer involves a coordinated targeting of multiple pathways
The oncoproteins of high-risk HPV
The major viral factors are the E5, E6 and E7 proteins
Interruption of the functions of p53 and pRb
Important cellular targets, including telomerase
Members of the pathway of DNA damage