Educational Attainment. As discussed earlier, divergent estimates of the improvement in labor quality account for much of the difference among prior growth accounting studies. The LFS provides information on educational attainment, gender, and age of the workforce. However, there is considerable doubt about the meaning of the gender and age differences in
wage rates, since they could easily be related to discrimination rather than productivity differences. For this reason, many statistical studies limit the adjustment of labor quality to changes in educational attainment and work experience (age).