The objectives of this study are to (1) model and analyze the primary ecosystem and economic services across prominent land uses within the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North and South Dakota, (2) illustrate and compare the societal values of agricultural products and ecosystem services produced under policy-relevant land-use change scenarios, and (3) explore the effectiveness of mitigating native prairie loss with conservation program lands. Conservation and natural resource managers have been criticized for focusing on a single economic sector,