2.2. Plant materials
Dog rose (R. canina L.) fruits were obtained from the Tehran's Botanical Garden (Tehran, Iran) in April of 2006. Ripeness stage of dog rose samples was classified by the color of fruits. So that green, orange, and red colors were characterized as the sign of unripe, half-ripe and full ripe samples, respectively. The orange sample was collected at fully ripeness and used for comparative study.