Some-rights-reserved licenses grew out of the free and open source software movement, which pioneered the use of standard copyright licenses, written by a third party, for retaining limited rights to software under copyright. n26 These licenses provided legally unsophisticated parties (software authors) a reliable way to permit free and wide adoption of their software while preserving rights of attribution (in the case of "permissive" licenses) or guaranteeing free access to and modification of derivative code (in the case of open source, copyleft licenses). In 2000, the Free Software Foundation released the GNU Free Documentation License ("GFDL"), which extended the idea beyond software. n27 The GFDL was later adopted by Wikipedia as its license for user contributions, until it was superseded in 2009. n28