The steady momentum blowing coefficient cμ0and the oscilla-tory momentum blowing coefficient cμdeterminethe amplitude of synthetic jet, different actuator types can be modeled through appropriate combinations of cμ0and cμ. Only the synthetic jets are considered in this study with cμ0=0. The non-dimensional frequency F+relates the period of the jet cycle to the convection time of the flow over the surface. Where ujetis the instantaneous jet speed at the actuator nozzle, U∞is the free inflow velocity, Aiis the nozzle area of theiactuator, Kis the number of actuators, Awingis the model reference area, fis the actuator jet frequency, and cis the mean aerodynamic chord of the model. Hdetermines an effective jet width, xteis distance from actuator to trailing edge of model, where djetis a vector of unit length representing the di-rection of the jet outlet, θjetbeing the angle between djetand the wall. f(ξ)is the tangential distribution of the velocity. The spatial variation of the jet in the tangential direction is supposed to have a negligible influence on the flow, therefore, a “top hat” tangential distribution is adopted, corresponding to f(ξ) =1.
If multiple actuators are working simultaneously, it can be as-sumed that there is no phase difference between each actuator jet and their characteristics such as jet velocity, frequency and drift angle are consistent.
2.2. Numerical