the town into two, and to minimize distances. which was considered important in military circles, while those who supported the second alternative did so mainly on hygienic grounds 13 It should also be mentioned that the demolition committee was further criticized for concentrating exchsively on residential blocks and paying insufficient attention to the needs of business and industry When the demolition committee presented their proposal, it was already obvious that on economic as well as legal grounds a single overall project of this type had little chance of being realized. A precondition had been the expropriation of all the land which was not in public ownership, and a proposal along these lines had already been rejected. In 1867 a law was passed whereby the owners of the land between the ramparts and the Sperne were given the right to retain their property, in return for paying half the increase in value that would arise from the abolition of the huilding prohibition. The result of this was that statc and landowners had a common interest in seeing land values rise as much as possible, and consequently favoured heavy exploitation. Furthermore, the law gave the govemment the right to sell the area of the fortifications proper to the municipality, and this was done at a price which made it impossible to lay out the whole area as parkland. But it was included in their agreement that a certain arca, alhcit rather a all onc, should he kept as a park As soon as this decision had been made. the planning could enter a more definitive phase. 1868 saw ratification of a street plan produced by a committee of state and municipal representatives, while in 1871 a municipal comunituee presented a proposal