uncoated in the acidic environment of endosomes and lysosomes, exposing the ssRNA genome for recognition by TLR-7. In abnormal settings, TLR-7 may be activated by self derived ssRNA. Normally, extracellular RNases degrade the ssRNA released from apoptotic cells during tissue injury. But in a mouse model of lupus nephritis, an inflammatory condition of the kidney, TRL-7 recognition of self ssRNA was observed to contribute to disease. However, it is not yet known whether similar autoimmunity in humans is caused by this pathway