Identification of the process’s value stream and the definition of the current state mapping [39]: the aim of this phase represents the “as is” state of the studied system through a map that represents all the actions required to make a specific product. The value stream is the set of all these actions, namely are design and manufacturing activities.
Waste elimination and the identification of alternative solutions: these lean manufacturing
techniques are useful to remove or reduce all elements of the muda.
Representation of the future state map [39].
The design of the new facility layout, based on the changes and improvements identified in the
previous phases.