For early grouping, begin with simply forming groups (e.g. “here are 8 counters, do you have enough to form a group of three, a second group of three, a third group of three – so how many groups of three and how many ones left over?”), and then move on to forming groups and ones on a Groups-Ones chart (moving the left hand from groups to ones as you say the number of groups and ones). This kinaesthetic activity enables a mental model of groups being on the left of ones to emerge. Activities include: adding and removing ones until new groups are formed or existing groups broken up, and using dice in a game to be the first to four groups. At all times, students should be saying and recording the number of groups and ones after each change.