Scenario (b) airline-ground, handler-forwarder integration: (e-AWB + e-House Manifest): covers the situation achieved in HKG by Kuehne + Nagel, with at least one airline (Cathay Pacific). It corresponds to a scenario where air waybill and house manifest are electronic and not handled as paper documents by the airline (and therefore not transported to the destination).
In this scenario, the forwarder still receives commercial documents (invoice/packing list) in paper format. They must enter data manually in their own system for customs declaration and to create the air waybill. However, the air waybill itself, as well as other transport documents, are still paper-based and there is still a pouch transported to destination containing the commercial documents.