Considering the motion of the piston and the valves, the simulations are performed in a cyclic approach. At each beginning of a cycle, the pressure and the temperature distributions are reset to the initial cycle values in the cylinder of 500 kPa in the cylinder and 282 kPa in the exhaust port, and 1140 K in the cylinder and 800 K in the exhaust port, respectively. The cylinder pod top has been chosen to distinguish between the in-cylinder and exhaust port region. The entire velocity field is transferred from the previous cycle end to the next cycle start. The flow velocities at the end of an exhaust cycle are low compared to the flow velocities occurring at the beginning of the exhaust cycle. Hence, the mapping of the velocity field can be seen as a perturbation to the cycle solution to provide an independent initial condition. The averaged data
shown is sampled over twelve exhaust cycles.