as the visual pigment retinene is derived from carotenoids, small amounts of this will be necessary in all insect. The vitamins of the B group (thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, pyriodoxine, and pantothenic acid) are necessary for all insect. Though not essential to promote growth, needed in Schistocerca, Achaeta and Blatalla. Symbionts which are mutualistic and living in the tissues provide provitamins in the beetle Stegobium. Vitamin C though present in several insects is not an important dietary element. In insects like Schistocerca, absence of vitamin C results in abortive ecdysis and death.