Codes that incorporate high-level visual features such as colours, letters, illustrations, or logos are referred to as visual QR codes. However, creating a visually interesting QR code without compromising its readability is non-trivial. The key challenge arises due to the lack of proper understanding or analytical formulations capturing the stability (i.e., validity) of QR codes under variations in lighting, camera specifications, and even perturbations to the QR codes.Figure2 shows different types of QR code.