31. Searching for utopia • The carnage of the First World War led to widespread utopian fervour, a belief that the human condition could be healed by new approaches to art and design – more spiritual, more sensual, or more rational. • The desire to connect art and life led to a spirit of collaboration between artists and designers, with architects playing a leading role. • Focusing on the most basic elements of daily life – housing and furniture, domestic goods and clothes – they reinvented these forms for a new century.
32. Communist utopia • The Russian Revolution of 1917 set out to build utopia. • Art was to become part of everyday life, and technology was to be extended to its limits and beyond. • Avant-garde architects and artists threw themselves into the collective effort. They evolved new theories and institutions, developed new types of buildings and produced all kinds of innovative propaganda.
33. Social utopia • Designers and artists working from a socialist perspective believed that utopia could be achieved within existing social and economic structures. • With new materials like glass, iron, and steel made available by the Industrial Revolution, modernist architects took to their drafting tables to imagine entirely new cities that supported utopian ideals and were devoid of the corrupted bourgeois sentiments often blamed for many of society's dilemmas. • Some utopian visions focused on new technology, others on open, untouched landscapes, and still others were based on new social orders, but all were united under radically avant-garde and cutting-edge architecture.
34. Garden city- Core garden city principles: o Strong community o Ordered development o Environmental quality These were to be achieved by : • Unified ownership of land toprevent individual land. • Speculation and maximizecommuntiy benefits. • Careful planning to providegenerous living and workingspace while maintaining naturalqualities. • Social mix and good communityfacilities. • Limit to growth of each gardencity. • Local participation in decisionabout development. • The original • Garden city • Conceptby ebenezer howard, 1902
35. • It is an ideal city industry isbalanced with agriculture,housing carefully distributed,and transport rationalised • Along with brickfields, factories and markets are children’s cottage homes,industrial schools, convalescent homes, asylums for the blind and deaf, and even afarm for epileptics. This is a city for the strong and weak, and where the weak growin strength.