Thermal energy storage systems using ice as a phase-change
material have many advantages in terms of leveling electric
power (Saito, 2002). In particular, ice slurry has been recognized
as an optimum second refrigerant in these systems. Ice
slurry is a mixture of fine ice particles and aqueous solution,
and cold thermal energy can be transported directly in this
system. Ice slurry has a high heat transfer rate, because the
latent heat of fusion of ice particles can be used and their heat
exchange area is large. Because ice slurry exhibits good