The study site is a 3.46 ha (309 m x 112 m) field located at
10◦ 07 22.98 N and 105◦ 35 12.06 E.
The straw of rice varietyOM4900 was left in the field four days after harvest using a combine
harvester. Seven replications with the same number
of sample but leaves the bales in the field to be collected and transported to
the side of the field in a separate operation (Fig. 2a); (2) three selfpropelled
balers, which take the rice straw to the side of the field
(Fig. 2b); and (3) a self-propelled gathering machine, which collects
rice straw in loose form without baling it (Fig. 2c).