The VS gave the patient an injection of buprenorphine
(Vetergeric, Alstoe limited) on admission
and repeated this after 6 hours. Higgins
(2008) stressed the importance of using analgesia
in cases of traumatic shock to reduce pain, which
can cause vasoconstriction, reduced cardiac output,
hyperventilation, reduced wound healing, increased
circulating inflammatory cytokines, stress
and fear.