Rheofermentometer Analysis Dough development and gas retention properties of the dough were measured using a Rheofermentom eter F3(Chopin Technologies Ltd, Paris, France). After moulding of the dough, 315 g of sample was prepared. A cylindrical piston of 2 kg was placed on the dough, after which it was proofed at 40 °C for 180 min. Dough height and gas pressure were monitored by the instrument to provide information on the maximum dough height(Hm) and total volume of gas pro- duced at the end of the test.