Similarly, Nakamura et al. (2004) demonstrated that dietary fructooligosaccharides upregulate
IgA response and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor expression in intestines of infant mice. Further,
Scholtens et al. (2008) reported that healthy human infants receiving a formula with short-chain and
long-chain fructooligosaccharides resulted in higher fecal IgA.