replacement for the teacher) through to Progression (where ICT is an exploratory tool) and Pedagogical Change (where ICT is an agent of change in both what is learnt and how it is learnt) reflect these pedagogies. Integrated Learning Systems would, for example, fit into his Surrogacy stage and also be an example of Bruner’s second model. Research on ILS indicates that the role of the teacher is crucial to its success (McFarlane, 1999). There has been extensive research into collaborative and cooperative learning with ICT (for example, Hoyles et al, 1994) in which groups of learners solve problems or carry out learning tasks with the aid of a computer. This research is based on constructivist theories of learning, much as described in Bruner’s third model.