4.1. Model simplification and validation
Boundary conditions for the finite element analysis are modelled from the tensile load test experiment; see Fig. 4(a). Firstly, fixed constraint is selected at one end for the target bar, and uniform surface force loading is applied on the other end. Secondly, all the contact faces are modelled as “bonded” type to simulate the non-separate and non-sliding joint boundary conditions for the shunt structure assembly. Thirdly, welding fillet is treated as homogenous part of the solid. The welding fillet radius R is estimated as 2 mm, averaged from welding fillet measurement. Finally, the adhesive layer with a thickness 0.1 mm between the supporting columns and the shunt sheet is modelled as bonded material with an elastic modulus of 10 GPa.