12. Hull Girder Vibration A hull is much more complicated structure than a solid beam and therefore it behaves like the free-free beam ONLY in its lower modes of vibration. These are called beam-like modes and may be excited by either: (a) Transient disturbances (due to wave or slamming impact) (b) Steady-state disturbances (rotating unbalanced engine or machine elements, unbalanced propellers, unbalanced shaftings)
13. Hull Girder Vibration How to avoid dangerous vibrations of the ship’s hull? Avoid exciting forces at frequencies close to the natural frequencies of the ship’s hull. How to determine the natural frequencies of the hull girder? Basic concepts are developed from the simple notions of a uniform beam vibration. It’s then extended to the vibration of a ship with some more added complexities that would reflect the realities of a ship in the way that a ship differs from a uniform beam Natural Frequency of Hull Girder
14. Hull Girder Vibration Minimum number of nodes = 2 Fundamental Mode of Flexural Vibration Frequency (in cpm) corresponding to this 2 noded vertical vibration (fundamental mode) is denoted by N2V or NV2 (number of cycles per minute in 2-noded vertical vibration) Otto Schlick: 32 L I N V I = Imidship of the cross-section of the ship (beam) = Weight displacement of the ship (beam) L = Length of the ship (beam)
15. Z X q (x, t) q – the driving force / unit length in the z-direction Hull Girder Vibration Uniform Beam Vibration Equation Just as a S-DOF system provides basis for understanding vibrating characteristics of many mechanical systems, similarly, a uniform FREE-FREE BEAM provides the basis for understanding the essential vibratory characteristics of ship. Free-Free Beam is a continuous system Beam is assume to have a mass/unit length, = A and Bending stiffness – EI in x-z plane BM due to normal internal stresses acting at any cross-section is related to the mean radius of curvature ; R EI M R – radius of curvature
16. Hull Girder Vibration Uniform Beam Vibration Equation M dx zd EI 2 2 For small deflections in z-direction, the approximation that curvature (1/R) is equal to 2nd derivative of z w.r.t x can be used 2 2 dx zd EIM The Euler-Bernoulli equation describing the relationship between beams deflection and the applied load OR q dx zd EI dx d 2 2 2 )(4 4 xq dx zd EI OR Equation relating BM and deflection in simple beam theory.
17. Hull Girder Vibration Uniform Beam Vibration Equation Inertia effect of surrounding water The relative high density of water makes the inertial effect a serious concern Apparent increase in mass of a body vibrating in water ),(4 4 2 2 txq x z EI t z A Inertia effect Restoring force as a result of elasticity Loading on the beam