Sclerotherapy. Sclerotherapy can be performed as an outpatient procedure and involves injecting a chemical, either liquid or foamed, into the abnormal vein in order to destroy the endothelium and induce fibrotic obstruction of the vein and may also be performed under ultrasonography.[3,23] Sclerosing agents used include sodium tetradecyl sulfate and polidocanol.[6] Complications reported from sclerotherapy are rare and include pigmentation, pain, an allergic reaction to the sclerosing agent, itching of the skin, thrombophlebitis, nerve damage, DVTs, and skin necrosis.[3] When compared with surgical treatment and endovenous thermal ablations, sclerotherapy outcomes are similar to those produced by ablations. Murad et al[20] reported that sclerotherapy yielded better short-term outcomes and is associated with less pain and a faster recovery period. In 2010, Nael and Rathbun[23] found that 99% of the patients treated with foam sclerotherapy experienced complete or near complete elimination of their varicose veins after the first injection and that 93% of the patients experienced symptom relief. However, another more recent study in 2011 also reported recurrence rates as high as 64% at the 5-year follow-up.[6]