Lesson ADT 101
Task: Tell time using a digital display.
Prerequisites: ADT I, ADT 5, COG 24, COG 35, COG 49, S&L 7
Concept: Unlike the skills needed for a clock with hands, this skill is principally identifying numbers and expressing those values. Obviously, number recognition for the numbers 1 through 60 are needed (see prerequisites COG 35 and COG 49). Digital clocks are a good alternative if teaching analog clock (clock with hands) use proves unsuccessful.
Behavioral Objective: In response to the question, "What time is it?" the student will correctly identify a specific time on a digital clock to a 95% accuracy level for 20 consecutive trials.
Materials: Digital clocks that are natural to the student's environment and a thick type of solid-color tape.
Task Analysis:
1. Using the student's number-matching skills (see prerequisite COG 24), re-view the numbers 1 through 12. Using tape such as electrical or data tape, block out the minute section of the digital clock and rotate through the hour numbers, prompting the student to identify each number that is shown. During the day, with the tape still on and the clock near the student, have the student tell you when the hour changes and what the new number is.
2. Perform Step 1, modifying the numbers to 1 through 60 and putting tape over the hour display. Because the minute numbers change frequently, pick a random time during the day and ask the student that number is being displayed.
3. At random times during the day, show the digital clock without any tape to the student and ask "What time is it?" Provide verbal correction as needed.
4. Continue Step 3, reducing verbal correction to a "try again" response until the student gets the correct answer. To avoid frustration if the student is clearly just guessing, go back to Step 3.
5. Randomly set the clock and have student respond to "What time is this?" without any assistance.
Lesson ADT 102
Task: Accurately state own age.
Prerequisites: ADT 1, S&L 6
Concept: In this skill the student begins to go beyond repeating or imitating words (see prerequisite S&L 6) to responding to a question. In this case, imitation of the student's correct age is transitioned into a response to a question. Obviously, over time the answer to this question will change, and reteaching may need to take place.
Behavioral Objective: In response to the question, "How old are you?" the student will verbally respond with the appropriate number to a 95% accuracy level for 20 consecutive trials.
Materials: None.
Task Analysis:
1. Begin with practicing basic verbal imitation (see prerequisite S&L 6) by using the student's age as the sample to be imitated.
2. Add to the student's age the words "How old?" For example, if the student is 12 years old, use the prompt, "How old? 12." If the student attempts to imitate the entire phrase, correct him or her to answering using only the last word (12). Sometimes the student will automatically answer using just the last word presented. In either case, provide plenty of social reinforcement for just the age response.
3. Continue Step 2, expanding the phrase to "Flow old are you?" (plus the student's age). Continue to shape the answer to just the age response.
4. Continue Step 3 outside of the training setting to develop a generalized response to the question, "How old are you?"
Lesson ADT 103
Task: Repeat names of the days of the week.
Prerequisites: ADT 1, S&L 6
Concept: In this task, rote memorization (repeating without necessarily understanding) Is the expected outcome. In the next lesson, "identify names of the days of the week" (ADT 104), specific identification and discrimination between each word is attempted. Music and games lend themselves well to learning a verbal sequence such as this.
Behavioral Objective: When verbally presented with the names of the days of the week, the student will repeat those names to o 95% accuracy level for 20 consecutive trials.
Materials: A calendar modified to emphasize the names of the days of the week. (Note. Different colors for the lettering for each day can be helpful as long as the adjacent colors are contrasting.)
Task Analysis:
1. Using either a song or a game, present the names of the days of the week to the student.
2. Using the student's ability to repeat spoken words (see prerequisite SAL 6), have the student repeat each word, one at a time, for all of the days of the week.
3. Continue Step 2, expanding to two-word repetition, such as "Sunday, Monday" (Note. Proper articulation is not necessary here, just different sounding words that approximate the names of the days of the week.)
4. Continue Step 3, gradually increasing the number of words to be repeated until all seven days of the week are imitated.
5. To assist with transitioning to the next training level, provide visual cues using the calendar described in the materials section to gesturally identify in addition to providing the verbal example for each day. Continue until the objective is met.
Lesson ADT 104
Task: Identify names of the days of the week.
Prerequisites: ADT 1, ADT 5, ADT 103, COG 56, S&L 7
Concept: This skill is an expansion of "repeat names of the days of the week" (ADT 103). Actual reading beyond simple sight recognition is not needed, as the intended outcome is for the student to point to the word and its placement on the calendar while saying the name of each day. Both receptive and expressive language skills are expected outcomes. A student may have limitations in either the verbal or pointing skills, however, and in these cases, the strategy can be modified to focus on the student's strengths.
Behavioral Objective: While the teacher presents a calendar to the student and asks, "Show me (name of the day of the week)," the student will point to the appropriate square and state the name of the day to a 95% accuracy level for 20 consecutive trials.
Materials: A calendar that has the days of the week clearly identified by lettering and stickers of seven different geometric shapes or designs (one for each day of the week).
Task Analysis:
1. Review with the student while pointing to the appropriate place on the calendar the ability to repeat the names of the days of the week (see prerequisite ADT 103). Use stickers of different shapes for each day.
2. Select a specific day (preferably the current day) and physically guide the student through the process of pointing to an example of that day on the calendar while encouraging an imitative response by asking, "Show me (name of the day of the week)." Gradually remove the sticker prompts.
3. Continue Step 2 for that one selected day to demonstrate that that day occurs in several places on the calendar.
4. Continue Step 3, adding a second day (preferably the next day that will occur).
5. Continue Step 4, adding all remaining days, then choosing days randomly.
Lesson ADT 105
Task: Repeat names of the months of the year.
Prerequisites: ADT 1, S&L 6
Concept: Much like repeating the names of the clays of the week (ADT 103), this task involves a rote memorization skill for 12 items. After initial success, the roost teachable moment is when the month has actually changed. This places a pertinent value on why such information should be retained.
Behavioral Objective: When verbally presented with the names of the months of the year, the student will repeat those names to a 95% accuracy level for 20 consecutive trials.
Materials: A calendar modified to emphasize the names of the months of the year. (Note. Different colors of lettering for each month can be helpful.)
Task Analysis:
1. Using either a song or a game, present to the student the names of the months of the year.
2. Using the student's ability to repeat spoken words (sec prerequisite S&L 6), have the student repeat each word, one at a time, for each month of the year.
3. Continue Step 2, expanding to two-word repetition such as, "January, February." (Note. Proper articulation is not necessary here, just different sounding words that approximate the names of the months.)
4. Continue Step 3, gradually increasing the number of words to be repeated until all 12 months of the year are imitated.
5. To assist with transitioning to the next training level, provide visual cues using the calendar described in the materials section to gesturally identify in addition to providing the verbal example for each month. Continue until the objective is met.
Lesson ADT 106
Task: Name the months of the year.
Prerequisites: ADT 1, ADT 5, ADT 105, COG 56, S&L 7
Concept: This skill is an expansion of "repeat names of the months of the year" (ADT 105). Actual reading beyond simple sight recognition is not needed, because the intended outcome is for the student to point to the word and its placement on the calendar while saying the name of each month. Both receptive and expressive language use are expected outcomes. A student may have limitations in either the verbal or pointing skills, however, and in these cases, the strategy can be modified to focus on the student's strengths.
Behavioral Objective: While the teacher presents a calendar to the student and asks, "Show me (name of a month)," the student will point to the appropriate page and state the name of that month to a 95% accuracy level for 20 consecutive trials.
Materials: A calendar that has the months of the year clearly identified by lettering as well as different letter coloring for each month.
Task Analysis:
1. While pointing to the appropriate place on the calendar, review with the student the ability to repeat the names of the months of the year (see prerequisite ADT 105).
2. Select a specific month (preferably the current month), and show the student the page that represents that month. Ask the student, "What month is this?" If the student does not correctly respond, provide an imitative prompt and immediately ask the question again. Continue until prompting is no longe