Participants
Pet dogs (n ¼ 47) ranging from 18 months to 12 years of age we re recruited from greater Melbourne, Australia, through online dog-based forums, social media, and e-mails to participants in previous dog cognition studies. They were selected based on owner reports that they were at least 18 months old and obedient to the “sit” command. More than half of the dogs (n ¼ 27) were purebred with the remaining 20 being crossbreeds. There were 23 male dogs and 24 females. Owners reported their dog’s breed or breed combination, sex, age, hours spent inside the home, and whether there were any low-lying mirrors inside the home to which the dog may have had access (details are listed in Table). Pooling water and windows were not considered because of the varying quality of those reflective surfaces. In all, 22 dogs had likely had exposure to mirrors in the home. Most dogs (n ¼ 41) spent at least 12 hours/day inside the house, with the other 6 spending 6 hours or less indoors. All dogs were reported to spend at least 1 hour/day inside the family home. Eleven of the dogs had previously participated in a mirror study (Howell et al., 2011) run in the same research laboratory approximately 18 months before data collection on the present study. During this previous study, the dogs had only a few minutes’ exposure to the mirror and received no reinforcement for attending to it, and so, this was not expected to affect their performance in the present study. Of these 11 dogs, 4 were in the experimental group and 7 were in the control group (described in the following section).
ParticipantsPet dogs (n ¼ 47) ranging from 18 months to 12 years of age we re recruited from greater Melbourne, Australia, through online dog-based forums, social media, and e-mails to participants in previous dog cognition studies. They were selected based on owner reports that they were at least 18 months old and obedient to the “sit” command. More than half of the dogs (n ¼ 27) were purebred with the remaining 20 being crossbreeds. There were 23 male dogs and 24 females. Owners reported their dog’s breed or breed combination, sex, age, hours spent inside the home, and whether there were any low-lying mirrors inside the home to which the dog may have had access (details are listed in Table). Pooling water and windows were not considered because of the varying quality of those reflective surfaces. In all, 22 dogs had likely had exposure to mirrors in the home. Most dogs (n ¼ 41) spent at least 12 hours/day inside the house, with the other 6 spending 6 hours or less indoors. All dogs were reported to spend at least 1 hour/day inside the family home. Eleven of the dogs had previously participated in a mirror study (Howell et al., 2011) run in the same research laboratory approximately 18 months before data collection on the present study. During this previous study, the dogs had only a few minutes’ exposure to the mirror and received no reinforcement for attending to it, and so, this was not expected to affect their performance in the present study. Of these 11 dogs, 4 were in the experimental group and 7 were in the control group (described in the following section).
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