No morphological/phenotypic differences were observed between WT and transgenic lines till flowering stage. The investigation of seed related agricultural traits indicated that the OsLTPL36 - RNAi lines showed a significantly reduction in both seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight (t-test, P < 0.01) (Table 1).The seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight were decreased by 23–36% and 7–19%, respectively, in comparison with those of WT(Table 1). However, the number of panicles and total spikeletsin OsLTPL36-RNAi lines showed no obvious differences from that of WT. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that there was a co-segregation between the reduced expression of OsLTPL36 and phenotype of seed, suggesting that down regulation of the OsLTPL36 result in pleiotropic defected seed.