IBSE was born through a deep understanding of the process of science learning (Narode, 1987). The core principles of IBSE are student involvement in discovering natural laws, linking information into a meaningful context, developing critical thinking, and promoting positive attitudes towards science (Kyle, 1985; Rakow, 1986). In terms of teachers’ and students’ involvement, there are four levels of IBSE [1]:
1. Confirmation
2. Structured
3. Guided
4. Open
H. Banchi & R. Bell (2008) defined four IBSE levels (see Table 1). These levels are different according to the rate of the teacher’s assistance (helping in the process, asking questions and formulation of expected results).