Froma different perspective, Goel (2010) studies the value of utilizing
RFID technology and visibility over shipments throughout a
multimodal transportation network of road and fixed-scheduled rail,
with variable transit times. In this network, there are two decisionmakers:
a transportmanager responsible for planning the shipments,
and a terminal operator responsible for dealing with unforeseen deviations.
If the manager does not see the deviations in time and adjust
accordingly, the terminal operator must then decide upon the shipment
flows. Goel (2010) analyzes four levels of visibility, namely, no
visibility, daily snapshot, departure/arrival, and checkpoint.