All plant materials were collected from the
nursery of the Germplasm Unit of Universiti Putra
Malaysia (Table 1). Herbarium voucher specimens
were prepared and deposited at the
Department of Biology Herbarium, Universiti Putra
Malaysia. Ahmad A. Rahman at the Department
of Biology, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
identified the specimens. About 300 g of the rhizome
and root parts of the plant were cut into
smaller pieces and air-dried under the shade. The
materials were then successively extracted with
dichloromethane and methanol thrice for each
solvent. Extracts of each solvent were evaporated
under reduced pressure and the final residues were
used for the bioassays.