means cost is a design criterion on a par with technical capability. Under CAIV, a high-performing, but costly system no longer meets the specification .More and more companies team in developing new products. Several companies provide important components. If any falters, the entire development project is subject to delays. Such delays may mean a competitor blazes the trail into the market and months, or even years, of profitable sales are lost.Many a new product has been held up or rendered unmarketable by excessive costs or absence of key components. Even if recovery is feasible, nothing can drive up cost as much as a hurried push to acquire vital components.In Chapter 27, we’ll describe techniques for both product or process development that reduce cost and pain once the technology is introduced.