On the basis of a large, population-based, prospective cohort study, we found significant inverse associations of green tea consumption with mortality due to all causes and due to CVD. Compared with participants who consumed less than 1 cup/d of green tea, those who consumed 5 or more cups/d had a risk of all-cause and CVD mortality that was 16% lower (during 11 years of follow-up) and 26% lower (during 7 years of follow-up), respectively. These inverse associations of all-cause and CVD mortality were primarily observed in women, although the inverse association for green tea consumption was observed in both sexes. In contrast, null results were observed in the association between green tea consumption and cancer mortality.