Additives to lead±acid battery active materials and components are categorized as physical and chemical attribute additives. Separators
are equally divided into two classes, those that have inner skeletal structures, commonly made of mixtures of polymers and precipitated
silica, and those that are made of loose Æbers. Separator additives are also brieØy discussed.
Both physical and chemical impacts of active material additives on separators are considered. With the noted exception of negative plate
expanders, very little interaction has been reported thus far between active material additives and separators. This question should be further
investigated in the light of the growing importance of additives in improving the performance of the lead±acid battery.
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2001 Elsevier
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