Infant temperament is a highly relevant factor in development, as early difficulties may predispose preterm
children to subsequent behavioural maladjustments, and affect the quality of their relationships with caregivers.
6 Based on standardized parent report measures, preterm infants and children have typically been found to
demonstrate less adaptability, rhythmicity, activity, attention, and persistence than do full-term infants.
Premature infants have also been found to be more intense in their moods, more difficult to soothe, more
passive, and less socially responsive. As toddlers, preterm infants have been found to be arrhythmic, less
persistent and adaptable, and more susceptible to negativity. At preschool and early school ages, some
tendencies towards increased activity and intensity, and lack of persistence remain. Literature in the field
indicates that premature infants may initially be more challenging to parents. Changes in temperament over
time may be influenced by both biological and environmental factors