Job Satisfaction
When people speak of employee attitudes, they usually mean
job satisfaction
, which describes a positive feeling about a job, resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics. A person with a high level of job satisfaction holds positive feelings about his or her job, while a person with a low level holds negative feelings. Because OB researchers give job satisfaction high importance, we’ll review this attitude in detail later in the chapter.
Job Involvement
Related to job satisfaction is
job involvement
,
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which mea-sures the degree to which people identify psychologically with their job and con-sider their perceived performance level important to self-worth.
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Employees with a high level of job involvement strongly identify with and really care about the kind of work they do. Another closely related concept is
psychological empowerment
, employees’ beliefs in the degree to which they influence their work environment, their competence, the meaningfulness of their job, and their perceived auton-omy.
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One study of nursing managers in Singapore found that good leaders empower their employees by involving them in decisions, making them feel their work is important, and giving them discretion to “do their own thing.”
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High levels of both job involvement and psychological empowerment are positively related to organizational citizenship and job performance.
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High job involvement is also related to reduced absences and lower resignation rates.
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Organizational Commitment
In
organizational commitment
, an employee identifies with a particular organization and its goals and wishes to remain a