The shift to value pricing represented a radical change in policies and was driven mostly by concern that frequent and complex promotions were eroding the value of P&G's brands. Brand loyalty declined in the United States during the 1970s and 1980s due to the wild price swings that came with constant promotional activity. Frequent promotions rewarded only those consumers most sensitive to prince and acted as a disincentive to brand-loyal consumers. Value pricing eliminated incentives for retailer forward buying and essentially offered constant procurement costs combined with some flexible allowances or funds provided for retail store promotions.