The higher order thinking skills are at the top right of the Cognitive Literacy Value Chain. They involve far
transfer and invoke fluid intelligence. Wisdom is at the uppermost level of the cognitive literacy value chain.
Wisdom is essentially deeper and wider thinking. Wisdom evaluates, empathizes, analyses as well as integrates, and
also subsumes the lower cognitive levels of thinking. More critically, wisdom’s effectiveness rests on the ability to
yield insight that derives from more than the ‘sum-of-parts’ of data. This process, which can be modeled on
hierarchies such as Bloom’s Taxonomy, often involves affective and ethical dimensions of human judgment. Far
transfer thinking was nudged out of the box and conventional narratives deconstructed from cases and topics, facts
as declarative knowledge were presented, and actively discussed by the instructor while being available as
electronic content. The top right section of Figure 1 is shown, i.e., Non-Routine Thinking and Far Transfer
Competency Impacts, Socratic prompts asked were “who are the protagonists” and “what are the drivers impacting
an organization, a country, a region, and a culture”. “How are they similar or different?” These were analyzed with
appropriate tools by discussion and then prioritized and quantified. For example, the process of stakeholder mapping
for conflict resolution was illustrated by involving a business case of a timber monopoly in East Malaysia, its
business activities were threatening, traditional peoples such as the Penan; stakeholder values were carefully
identified, explored and analyzed with strategic tools from both from a commercial and from sustainable
perspectives.