In choosing media or methods to enumerate fungi from foods, it is important to understand the ecology of the food or raw material. Particularly important are the water activity (aw) of the food, whether or not it contains preservatives and any processing it may have undergone, as these and other factors can influence the numbers and types of fungi present. It is important to distinguish between routine analysis for quality assurance purposes, and investigation of a particular spoilage incident. This contribution covers general purpose enumeration media, dilution and direct plating, media and methods for xerophilic fungi, heat-resistant fungi, selected mycotoxigenic fungi, and preservative-resistant yeasts. Media formulations are included at the end of the chapter.