Types of colleges and universities. Colleges and universities vary considerably, and researchers and administrators in higher education make use of a standard scheme for capturing the basic institutional types. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching has produced several editions of such a scheme. The Carnegie categories have been used by others, such as the widely used Higher Education Directory (Rodenhouse, 2001) and America’s Best Colleges (2001), which has adapted the Carnegie schemes in its frequent (and controversial) rankings. The Carnegie categories are Doctoral/Research Universities— Extensive and Intensive; Master’s Colleges and Universities I and II; Baccalaureate Colleges—Liberal Arts and General; Baccalaureate/Associates Colleges; Associates Colleges; Specialized Institutions; and Tribal Colleges and Universities. Of the nearly 4,000 institutions in existence, less than one-third are the types usually represented in the college alcohol-related literature