The industrial production of bioethanol in Serbia still relies on molasses and conventional energy crops containing starch such as corn, wheat and other cereals [7,15–17]. In order to improve the economy of bioethanol production and to avoid the competition of the feedstock utilization for food and energy, several production approaches based on crop selection, process integration and waste utilization were considered: (a) utilization of damaged crops (e.g. wheat) not appropriate for food consumption; (b) utilization of triticale, the plant resistant to severe climate and soil conditions; (c) utilization of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of second generation ethanol; (d) implementation of thin stillage recirculation in the production process; (e) utilization of thin stillage for the production of lactic acid and/or microbial biomass with probiotic activity; (f) utilization of the solid stillage remained after ethanol distillation as animal feed.