PBL is an instructional method that challenges students to “learn how to learn” by
collaboratively solving ill-defined, real-world problems. It is based on the constructivist
model of learning and consists of four key components: 1) ill-structured problems that are
likely to generate multiple hypotheses about their cause and multiple approaches to their
solution, 2) student-centered learning, where students determine what it is they need to learn
and find appropriate resources for information, 3) teachers acting as facilitators or tutors, and
4) authentic, real-world problems [15].