INTRODUCTIONIn1940,PerScholanderdes

INTRODUCTION
In1940,PerScholanderdescribedtheunusualpropertiesof
the marinemammalrespiratorysystem,andsuggestedthatthe
highlycompliantlungandribcagewouldeasilycompressand
shuntairintotherigidupperairway(Scholander,1940). Having
a compliantchestwallthatemptiestoverylowvolumes(i.e.,
lowfunctionalresidualcapacity)wouldreducethechancesof
extremenegativeintra-thoracicpressures(lungsqueeze),which
areknowntoprotectagainstpulmonaryedema,cardiacarrhyth-
mias andcavalrupture(Leith,1989).
Scholander’shypothesisisacentraltenetinmarinemam-
mal divingphysiology.Animplicitassumptionofhishypothesis
is thatthestructuralproperties(compliance)oftherespira-
torysystemreduceuptakeofN2 and theriskofdecompression
sickness (DCS).However,onlyafewstudieshaveattemptedto
determinehowpressureaffectsgasexchangeinforceddiving
or freelydivingmarinemammals(RidgwayandHoward,1979;
KooymanandSinnett,1982;Falkeetal.,1985;McDonaldand
Ponganis,2012,2013). Thesestudiesrevealedconsiderabledif-
ferencesamongspeciesintheestimateddepthatwhichalveolar
collapseoccurred,butuseddifferentmethodstoquantifyalveo-
lar compression.Differencesrangedfromdirectlymeasuringthe
depth relatedpulmonaryshunt(KooymanandSinnett,1982),
toindirectlymeasuringO2 or N2 tensioninarterialandvenous
blood duringadive(Falkeetal.,1985;McDonaldandPonganis,

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 1:

แนะนำIn1940, PerScholanderdescribedtheunusualpropertiesofmarinemammalrespiratorysystem, andsuggestedthatthehighlycompliantlungandribcagewouldeasilycompressandshuntairintotherigidupperairway(Scholander,1940) มีcompliantchestwallthatemptiestoverylowvolumes(i.e., การwouldreducethechancesof lowfunctionalresidualcapacity)extremenegativeintra-thoracicpressures (lungsqueeze), ซึ่งareknowntoprotectagainstpulmonaryedema, cardiacarrhyth-mias andcavalrupture(Leith,1989)Scholander'shypothesisisacentraltenetinmarinemam-อัป divingphysiology Animplicitassumptionofhishypothesisเป็น oftherespira thatthestructuralproperties (compliance) -torysystemreduceuptakeofN2 และ theriskofdecompressionโรค (DCS) อย่างไรก็ตาม onlyafewstudieshaveattemptedtodeterminehowpressureaffectsgasexchangeinforceddivingหรือ freelydivingmarinemammals (RidgwayandHoward, 1979KooymanandSinnett, 1982 Falkeetal. 1985 McDonaldandPonganis, 2012, 2013) Thesestudiesrevealedconsiderabledif-ferencesamongspeciesintheestimateddepthatwhichalveolarcollapseoccurred, butuseddifferentmethodstoquantifyalveo-lar อัด Differencesrangedfromdirectlymeasuringtheความลึก relatedpulmonaryshunt(KooymanandSinnett,1982)toindirectlymeasuringO2 หรือ N2 tensioninarterialandvenousเลือด duringadive (Falkeetal. 1985 McDonaldandPonganis

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 2:

บทนำ
In1940, PerScholanderdescribedtheunusualpropertiesof มี andcavalrupture (ลีธ์ 1989). Scholander'shypothesisisacentraltenetinmarinemam- mal divingphysiology.Animplicitassumptionofhishypothesis เป็น thatthestructuralproperties (ปฏิบัติ) oftherespira- torysystemreduceuptakeofN2 และ theriskofdecompression เจ็บป่วย (DCS) อย่างไรก็ตาม, onlyafewstudieshaveattemptedto determinehowpressureaffectsgasexchangeinforceddiving หรือ compression.Differencesrangedfromdirectlymeasuringthe ลึก relatedpulmonaryshunt (KooymanandSinnett, 1982) toindirectlymeasuringO2 หรือ N2 tensioninarterialandvenous duringadive เลือด (Falkeetal 1985. McDonaldandPonganis,

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 3:

แนะนำ in1940 perscholanderdescribedtheunusualpropertiesof marinemammalrespiratorysystem

, ,

andsuggestedthatthe highlycompliantlungandribcagewouldeasilycompressand shuntairintotherigidupperairway ( scholander 1940 ) มีการ compliantchestwallthatemptiestoverylowvolumes ( I ,
lowfunctionalresidualcapacity ) wouldreducethechancesof
extremenegativeintra thoracicpressures ( lungsqueeze ) ซึ่ง
areknowntoprotectagainstpulmonaryedema cardiacarrhyth , -
mias andcavalrupture ( ลีท , 1989 )
-
scholander'shypothesisisacentraltenetinmarinemam มัล divingphysiology . animplicitassumptionofhishypothesis
เป็น thatthestructuralproperties ( Compliance ) และ oftherespira -
torysystemreduceuptakeofn2 theriskofdecompression
โรคภัยไข้เจ็บ ( DCS ) อย่างไรก็ตาม onlyafewstudieshaveattemptedto
determinehowpressureaffectsgasexchangeinforceddiving
หรือ freelydivingmarinemammals ( ridgwayandhoward , 1979 ;
kooymanandsinnett , 1982 ; falkeetal . , 1985 ; mcdonaldand
ponganis 20122013 , ) thesestudiesrevealedconsiderabledif -

-
butuseddifferentmethodstoquantifyalveo collapseoccurred ferencesamongspeciesintheestimateddepthatwhichalveolar , ลาร์ การบีบอัด differencesrangedfromdirectlymeasuringthe
relatedpulmonaryshunt ความลึก ( kooymanandsinnett , 1982 ) ,
toindirectlymeasuringo2 หรือ N2 tensioninarterialandvenous
เลือด duringadive ( falkeetal . , 1985 ; mcdonaldandponganis ,