Dorsal and pectoral fins
located just posterior of head, each with a pungent serrated spine at leading edge;
fin spines venomous and capable of producing painful sting; anal fin long and continuous with rounded or pointed caudal fin;
dorsal series of procreant caudal-fin rays consists of elongate rays which, in marine species, extend the fin anteriorly to at least vertical line at anal-fin origin, thus forming a second dorsal fin that is continuous with caudal fin dorsal adipose fin absent.