topography can have a profound impact on personal communication in a culture.
For instance , mountain ranges and the formidable Gobi Desert consume two-thirds of China's land surface. Groups living in the valley of these mountain ranges continue to hold on to their own ways of life and speak their own languages. Although the Mandarin dialect was decreed the national language many years ago, the mountains, desert, and great land area of China still impair personal communication and ,therefore, the proliferation of Mandarin