In both years, there was no seed production when pollinators
were excluded (Fig. 2AeF). In contrast, all other treatments resulted
in seed production and differed from the exclosure treatment
(P < 0.05). This finding establishes that S. latifolia relies on insects to
carry pollen from staminate flowers to pistillate flowers and supports
findings by Young (2002) who found that in Colorado,
S. latifolia is pollinated by insects.