A total of 168 pregnant women who came for their first antenatal care visit to Jimma University hospital were enrolled in the study. A structured and interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data on the socio-demographic variables, dietary habit and other gynecologic and obstetric history. Dietary data were collected using food frequency questionnaire prepared for assessing nutritional factors for anemia. Sahli hemoglobinometer and a microscope were used for assessing hemoglobin level and stool for hookworm infection, respectively. Data were cleaned, edited and entered in to a computer and analyzed using SPSS for windows, version 11.0. Statistical tests were performed at the level of significance of 5%. The prevalence of anemia was 64/168 (38.2%) and the mean hemoglobin level was 11.3 mg/dl. Anemic cases were 4 times likely to have history of excess menstrual bleeding prior to the index pregnancy 2 times likely to have hook worm infection and 3 times likely not to have shoe wearing habit, 3 times likely to have birth intervals less than 24 moths between the previous pregnancy and index pregnancy (p < 0.05).