substantial development beyond that offered by Kitchener and King’s scheme. There are therefore no grounds of substance for adopting this scheme in place of the Perry theory.
Belenky et al. (1986) offer a developmental theory as an alternative to that of Perry The stages of this theory are; Silence, Received knowledge, Subjective knowledge, Procedural knowledge (including the alternatives of separate knowing and connected knowing), and Constructed knowledge. These stages reflect the development of the individual as a knowledge maker, rather than the structural features of epistemological and ethical systems.