2. Methodology
This research takes on a developmental research approach (Wang & Hanafin, 2005) with three phases: analysis,
design and evaluation. The sample and methodology of each phase differed.
2.1. Participants and sample of the study:
Two different groups of participants were utilized. The approach of data collection for each group differed.
x The learners in the context of the study were selected from an urban school in Petaling Jaya which had a
multi-racial student population. The Form 2 students in the school, totalling 158 students, were surveyed to
determine their use and perception of technology.
x The experts were selected from educators who had at least 10 years of teaching experience. The three
subject matter experts had experience teaching science with computers, while the two technical experts had
both knowledge and at least 5 years experience in CMC.
2.2. Instrument
Two different approaches for data collection were used.
x The Technology Skills and Usage Questionnaire (TSUQ) was used to determine learners perception in
technology usage, and use of the computer and the mobile phone for learning. This questionnaire was
adapted from a previous questionnaire (Norizan Ahmad, 2005) which had a high Cronbach Alpha
coefficient of .882 for reliability. The TSUQ was validated by two experts in the technology field.
x The evaluation by experts was conducted after the design of the module. The design documents, which
included the syllabus, online lessons and activities, were prepared. These documents and the module’s web