Cardoso (2008) states that the organization must be aware of the sort of knowledge held by competitors, the type of knowledge that can be shared and what cannot, etc. It is important to strategically manage knowledge in order to satisfactorily respond to environmental changes, considering the interests of all stakeholders and maintaining a sustainable competitiveness.
According to De Long (1997), even though the economic incentives are becoming clearer and technological capabilities now exist to support knowledge-based organizations, pioneers in knowledge management have found that behaviors supported by existing organizational cultures are often a major barrier to knowledge-based organizations. As Davenport and Prusak (1998) state, effective knowledge management cannot take place without extensive behavioral, cultural, and organizational change.