This paper comprehensively summarizes the research advancing the impact of highways on wildlife and the countermeasures
used in China. By the end of 2011, the total length of highways and expressways in China was 4.1 million and 85,000
kilometers, respectively, and both are listed as the second longest road systems in the world. Wildlife biodiversity in China is
listed as the eighth highest in the world, and thus the conflict between wildlife biodiversity and road systems has increased in
recent years. In China, road mortality levels, wildlife road effect zones, wildlife migration and behavior differed between preand
post-road construction activity. Road networks resulted in the fragmentation of wildlife habitat in multiple different
regions in China. In response to this, countermeasures have consisted of route re-selection, locating suitable areas for wildlife
crossing construction, and erecting wildlife warning signs along the roadside to alert drivers. However, such basic research
efforts and recommendations have only recently begun in China, compared to western developed countries. As a result, the
recommended countermeasures were often absent during road construction practices that were monitored in this study. We
provide three major recommendations from our research findings in road wildlife ecology in China: 1.) develop and initiate
basic studies in road wildlife research in China; 2.) develop multidisciplinary collaborations and co-operations during
highway construction; and 3.) establish and strengthen international exchange and collaborations with western developed
countries to advance the issue of road-wildlife ecology in China.